Why can Light travel through clear things?

Ok, so this is one of them really really stupid questions, right? Lol. Now I know I cant throw something through my glass window, but when I shine a light at the glass it goes through it, and I can clearly see the light on the other side of the glass. So following that train of thought, what even makes something clear? Does it have to do with the particles, or what? I don't quite understand. So I guess im asking, why can I see through my window, and not the wall next to it? What make the window ';clear';? And don't just say its clear, what makes it clear?Why can Light travel through clear things?
It's not a stupid question at all. When light strikes an object, depending on what the object is made of, three things can happen. The light can be reflected or absorbed or it can pass straight through. Most, but not all reflecting materials conduct electricity, like shiny metals. The light, being an electric and magnetic disturbance, jiggles the free electrons around and they re-emit the light back where it came from. Most materials absorb light and convert the light energy into heat energy, so if you shine bright light on a dark surface it warms up. If the light doesn't interact with the material at all, it passes straight through, and the object is transparent. This explanation is slightly simplified, but pretty much what happens.Why can Light travel through clear things?
It is clear because it does not conduct electricity. Light does not travel through metals because they are electrically conductive. Light is a traveling electromagnetic wave. When it hits a metal, it imparts forces on its electrons which generate small currents in the metal which serve to cancel out the light wave.





When light hits glass, however, no current is generated because glass won't conduct electricity. Thus, the beam of light is unaltered and passes straight through.





I've thought about this and realized that something like rubber is opaque, but also does not conduct electricity. In this case, I don't know what is causing the light to be blocked. In any case, something which is electrically conductive will typically not pass electromagnetic radiation.
The easiest way to think about it is to think of light as being made up of very very very small particles and most other matter is actually mostly space so the particles can slip in between the molecules of the matter.





Think of a lot of bees swarming. You could throw a baseball through them, right? Because the baseball is pretty small and the bees are smaller and the space in between is comparatively vast.





Of course, if you have enough bees, the ball will stop.





Now, Einstein thought of light as both energy and particles (called photons). Light is electro-magnetic radiation - but the analogy is still reasonable. Ya get enough bees and the baseball drops.
glass is not really a solid. if you left a glass cup out on the table and came back thousands of years later, you have a glass looking puddle. (basically) so you can guess from this that the particles are moving and that they are far away from each other. this is my guess as to why glass is clear. but hey, im only a 17 year old junior so i could be wrong
transparent and opaque are not actual properties of objects, they are the effects of the properties that objects really have. some objects reflect lots of light and let through very little (opaque) whereas other objects reflect very little light and let through a lot (transparent). these are simply the ways that objects interact with light. and the reason you cant throw something through a window but light can still pass through is because that the thing you want to throw is matter and light is energy (however, matter and energy are actually the same thing and our interchangebly but for the purposes of answering your question, we will assume that they are not) so they will interact differently with the window. now, no object can be completely opaqe and no object can be completely transparent. an object can reflect a lot of light, but it will always let through even a tiny amount of light, so tiny that we cannot perceive it. the opposite is true for transparent objects, they can let through a lot of light, but they will always reflect some light, no matter how little.